Skin

The Skin structure

The skin is the largest human organ. It covers between 1.5 and 2 m2 , comprising about one sixth of total body weight. Each square inch of skin contains: 100 oil glands ,15 feet blood vessels, 65 hairs, 234 feet of nerves 650 sweat glands, 9.5 million cells, 1300 nerve endings, 20,000 sensory cells, 250 sense organs It consists of three functional layers:
Epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin and provides the first barrier of protection from the invasion of foreign substances into the body. The principal cell of the epidermis is called a keratinocyte. The epidermis is subdivided into five layers or strata, the stratum germinativum (SG), the stratum spinosum (SS), the stratum granulosum (SGR), the stratum lucidum(not seen in this photomicrograph) and the stratum corneum (SC) in which a keratinocyte gradually migates to the surface and is sloughed off in a process called desquamation.
Dermis or corium assumes the important functions of thermoregulation and supports the vasular network to supply the avascular epidermis with nutrients. The dermis is typically subdivided into two zones, a papillary dermis and a reticular layer. The dermis contains mostly fibroblasts which are responsible for secreting collagen, elastin and ground substance that give the support and elasticity of the skin. Also present are immune cells that are involved in defense against foreign invaders passing through the epidermis. Good skin is from good health and proper skincare
Subcutis (hypodermis) The skin contains a variety of appendages, mainly hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. Sebaceous and sweat glands belong to the exocrine glands. Sebaceous glands are nearly always connected to hair follicles. Sweat glands deliver their secretions directly to the skin surface.

Function of Skin

Protection, sensation,thermoregulation,immune system,metabolism and sexual attraction.

Skin maintained by:

Keratinocytes
Lipids ¨C phospholipids, glycolipds, cholesterol -maintain barreir and lipophillicity
Melanocyte - produces granules of colore ranging from brown-black (eumelanin) to yellow-red (phaeomelanin) to red-yellow (tricochrome).
protective function, free radical scavanging
Immune cells -langerhans, macrophage,lymphocytes
Fibroblast- produces components in dermal amorphous mesh called "ground substance"
Collagen ¨C most abundant body protein (1/3 body weight)
Elastin ¨C 1-2% of skin, elastic nature
GAG¡¯(glycosaminoglycan)s - moisture binding, NMF (natural moisturising factor)involvement

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Aging skin casued by

Reduced dermal/epidermal adhesion results in diminished nutrient transfer.
Reduced epidermal turnover.
Reduced melanocytes, immune cells.
Dermal drying.
Elastin changes in thickness, flexibility.
Enzyme decline results in decreases in collagen, ground substance.
Decreases in blood vessels, sebum, sweat.
Regular meridian massage is the most efficient dynamic force for above elements lives.
Chi Sense facial treatments are not only work on facial muscle but also massage the all relavent meridian points on the body.Meridian line massage helps body fluid circulation flowing freely so that the collagen, elastin, immune cells and so on can get enough supplyment.

Nutrition for skin

Please visite >> Nutrition<< page.

skin Types

Normal Skin --- even tone, smooth texture, no visible pores or blemishes, and no greasy patches or flaky areas. This type of skin glows with a good blood circulation and an excellent inner health. There may be occasional pimples in women before menstruation due to increased hormonal activity. Neglect can lead to signs of aging and wrinkling.
Oily Skin --- shiny, thick, dull colored. Often a chronically oily skin has coarse pores and pimples , blackhead and other embarrassing blemishes. This type of skin comes from the over-active sebaceous glands.
Dry Skin --- low level of sebum and can be prone to sensitivity. The skin has a parched look caused by its inability to retain moisture. It usually feels "tight" and uncomfortable after washing unless some type of moisturizer or skin cream is applied. Chapping and cracking are signs of extremely dry, dehydrated skin. Dryness is exacerbated by wind, extremes of temperature and air-conditioning, all of which cause the skin to flake, chap and feel tight. This type of skin is tightly drawn over bones. It looks dull, especially on the cheeks and around the eyes. There may be tiny expression lines on these spots and at the comers of the mouth.
Sensitive Skin--- a thin or a fine-textured skin,reacts quickly to both heat and cold, sunburns and windburns easily. It is commonly dry, delicate and prone to allergic reactions. Temperature changes, some detergents, cosmetics and alcohol (used on the skin) can all cause irritation, leaving the skin red and blotchy, with visible surface veins.
Combination Skin a combination of both oily and dry skin. There is a greasy center panel consisting of nose, forehead and chin and a dry panel consisting of cheeks, mouth and the areas around the eyes. This type of skin is very common, and it should be treated as if it were two different types of skin.